Which two diseases are cited as examples of defects in protein production causing complications for an organism?

Which two diseases are cited as examples of defects in protein production causing complications for an organism?

• A. Sickle cell anemia and Cystic fibrosis
• B. Hemophilia and Diabetes
• C. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
• D. Malaria and Tuberculosis

Answer: (B)

Defects in producing functional proteins can disrupt essential bodily processes. Hemophilia shows this clearly: clotting factors are proteins, and when their production is deficient, proper blood clotting fails, leading to excessive bleeding and related complications. Diabetes also fits, since insulin is a protein hormone produced by the pancreas; when its production is insufficient, glucose regulation is impaired, causing high blood sugar and metabolic problems. These examples illustrate how problems with making key proteins can cause widespread issues for an organism. Other options involve proteins that are altered in function rather than simply not produced, or illnesses driven by pathogens or other mechanisms. For instance, some diseases arise from proteins that are produced but carry mutations that change their function, while infections cause disease through pathogens rather than host protein production defects.

Defects in producing functional proteins can disrupt essential bodily processes. Hemophilia shows this clearly: clotting factors are proteins, and when their production is deficient, proper blood clotting fails, leading to excessive bleeding and related complications. Diabetes also fits, since insulin is a protein hormone produced by the pancreas; when its production is insufficient, glucose regulation is impaired, causing high blood sugar and metabolic problems. These examples illustrate how problems with making key proteins can cause widespread issues for an organism.

Other options involve proteins that are altered in function rather than simply not produced, or illnesses driven by pathogens or other mechanisms. For instance, some diseases arise from proteins that are produced but carry mutations that change their function, while infections cause disease through pathogens rather than host protein production defects.